Tagalog Uncompleted Aspect

Rule: Take the completed form and repeat the first syllable of the root (rep1).

See also: Completed form (p. 182), Syllable repetition (p. 27), Sound changes when combining roots and affixes (p. 25)

basic form	completed	uncompleted
magluto’	nagluto’	nagluluto’
maibigay mabigay	naibigay nabigay	naibibigay nabibigay
kumain	kumain	kumakain
umalis	umalis	umaalis
lutuan	nilutuan linutuan	nilulutuan linulutuan
sabihin	sinabi	sinasabi
iabot	iniabot inabot	iniaabot inaabot

basic form	magluto’
completed	nagluto’
uncompleted	nagluluto’

basic form

maibigay

mabigay

completed

naibigay

nabigay

uncompleted

naibibigay

nabibigay

basic form	kumain
completed	kumain
uncompleted	kumakain

basic form	umalis
completed	umalis
uncompleted	umaalis

basic form

lutuan

completed

nilutuan

linutuan

uncompleted

nilulutuan

linulutuan

basic form	sabihin
completed	sinabi
uncompleted	sinasabi

basic form

iabot

completed

iniabot

inabot

uncompleted

iniaabot

inaabot

Exception: In the case of a few affixes, a syllable of the affix is repeated instead of the first syllable of the root.

basic form	completed	uncompleted
makikain affix: maki-	nakikain	nakikikain
magpakain affix: magpa-	nagpakain	nagpapakain
magkakotse affix: magka-	nagkakotse	nagkakakotse
magsikain affix: magsi-	nagsikain	nagsisikain
magsipagbasa affix: magsipag-	nagsipagbasa	nagsisipagbasa

basic form

makikain

affix: maki-

completed

nakikain

uncompleted

nakikikain

basic form

magpakain

affix: magpa-

completed

nagpakain

uncompleted

nagpapakain

basic form

magkakotse

affix: magka-

completed

nagkakotse

uncompleted

nagkakakotse

basic form

magsikain

affix: magsi-

completed

nagsikain

uncompleted

nagsisikain

basic form

magsipagbasa

affix: magsipag-

completed

nagsipagbasa

uncompleted

nagsisipagbasa

Alternative: In the case of a few prefixes containing a /ka/ or a /pa/, these syllables may be repeated instead of the first syllable of the root. This option is commonly used in spoken Tagalog.

basic form	completed	uncompleted (usually formal)	uncompleted (usually informal)
makabasa affix: maka-	nakabasa	nakababasa	nakakabasa
makapagbasa affix: makapag-	nakapagbasa	nakapagbabasa	nakakapagbasa
papuntahin affix: pa-…-in	pinapunta	pinapupunta	pinapapunta
pagbawalan affix: pag-…-an	pinagbawalan	pinagbabawalan	pinapagbawalan
ipagbawal affix: ipag-	ipinagbawal	ipinagbabawal	ipinapagbawal

basic form	makabasa affix: maka-
completed	nakabasa
uncompleted (usually formal)	nakababasa
uncompleted (usually informal)	nakakabasa

basic form	makapagbasa affix: makapag-
completed	nakapagbasa
uncompleted (usually formal)	nakapagbabasa
uncompleted (usually informal)	nakakapagbasa

basic form	papuntahin affix: pa-…-in
completed	pinapunta
uncompleted (usually formal)	pinapupunta
uncompleted (usually informal)	pinapapunta

basic form	pagbawalan affix: pag-…-an
completed	pinagbawalan
uncompleted (usually formal)	pinagbabawalan
uncompleted (usually informal)	pinapagbawalan

basic form	ipagbawal affix: ipag-
completed	ipinagbawal
uncompleted (usually formal)	ipinagbabawal
uncompleted (usually informal)	ipinapagbawal

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